Resampling captures the output of a sampler, track or effects chain as fresh audio. Once a processed sound has been printed this way it can be chopped, pitched or processed again, and the original effects no longer need to run live. On Roland’s SP-404MKII, for example, a pattern can be turned into a sample either by bouncing it without effects or by resampling it with the effects applied; DAW users achieve the same by bouncing processed parts to new audio.
In jazz lo-fi, resampling is a favourite way of building texture in stages. A piano loop might be filtered and saturated, resampled, slowed down, resampled again with vinyl noise on top, and so on until it sounds convincingly old.